Artificial intelligence adoption and competitiveness in SMEs: an empirical analysis using structural equation modeling in Latin America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23419721Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, SMEs, competitiveness, structural equation modeling, Latin AmericaAbstract
This narrative review aims to analyze the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Latin America, based on a synthesis of empirical studies using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It analyzes trends in scientific production, key exogenous variables—such as technological leadership and financial readiness—and the direct and indirect effects on operational efficiency and innovation through a critical review of recent literature. The crucial role of mediating variables (absorbative capacity and digital agility) and moderating variables (institutional environment) is also assessed, contrasting the findings with the Resource-Based View. The results show that, while AI enhances business performance, its success in the region is limited by structural asymmetries and financial barriers. Finally, the study offers an integrated perspective to guide managerial and public policy decisions, discussing existing methodological gaps and proposing future longitudinal and sectoral lines of research to consolidate knowledge in emerging economies.
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